When beautiful, evanescent Moms was there, Chris also had to deal with Freddie “I ain’t your goddamn daddy!” Triplett, one of the meanest stepfathers in recent literature. He was fatherless, and his adored mother wasn’t always around once, as a child, he spied her at a family funeral accompanied by a prison guard. Young-rags-to-mature-riches memoir by broker and motivational speaker Gardner.īorn and raised in the Milwaukee ghetto, the author pulled himself up from considerable disadvantage. Consistently thoughtful and incisive, the book confronts the perils of our modern age with truths to inspire the coalition-building necessary to American cultural and democratic survival.Ī bracingly provocative collection perfect for our times. While walls may seem to offer security, as Lalami points out, the climate change that “unfettered industrialization” has created will eventually render both walls and checkpoints useless. has 136 internal checkpoints within 100 miles of its geographical borders and how the 200 million Americans living in those zones could be subject to deportation if they “fail to persuade agents” that they are citizens. In “Borders,” she goes on to emphasize the fragility of all American citizenship. The author convincingly argues that such attitudes “subtly discourage” women from achieving equality with men and accessing the full citizenship they deserve. Even in the U.S., women are often told to be grateful for the rights they have.

In “Inheritance,” Lalami extends the concept of conditional citizenship to include not only nonwhites and non-Christians but also nonmales. The author reminds readers how white supremacist attitudes have always existed by recalling the historical treatment of other nonwhite communities. Suddenly, the “slice of citizenship apple pie” she had been extended was withdrawn as hate crimes against law-abiding Muslim Americans spiked and presidential bans against certain nations eventually became a new normal. In the opening essay, “Allegiance,” Lalami writes about the frightening attitudinal changes she witnessed as a new Muslim American citizen in the wake of 9/11. To make her points, she uses the concept of “conditional citizenship,” a state of partial (and revocable) acceptance/integration into American society based on factors such as race and faith. The award-winning novelist gathers eight essays that examine the meaning of citizenship in 21st-century America.ĭrawing on history, politics, and her own personal experience, Lalami, a creative writing professor and American Book Award winner, explores the “contradictions between doctrine and reality” that problematize what it means to be an American.

Secret son by laila lalami